Platypnea-orthodeoxia Syndrome: An Important Cause of Morbidity in Post Coronavirus Disease Patients

Divendu Bhushan^{1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8718-5890}, Vijay Kumar^{2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6042-7784}, B Hilbert Sahoo^{3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2847-5609}, Aniketh Hegde^{4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8708-5278}

^1–4Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India

Corresponding Author: Divendu Bhushan, Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India, Phone: +91 9661216010, e-mail: drdivendubhushan@aiimspatna.org

How to cite this article: Bhushan D, Kumar V, Sahoo BH, Hegde A. Platypnea-orthodeoxia Syndrome: An Important Cause of Morbidity in Post Coronavirus Disease Patients. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(3):401–402.

Source of support: Nil

Conflict of interest: None

ABSTRACT

Platypnea-orthdeoxia syndrome (POS) is a clinical scenario where patient get breathless while sitting or standing. Its important causes are cardiac shunts, hepatopulmonary syndrome and pulmonary ventilation perfusion mismatch. During this pandemic as cases of pulmonary fibrosis increased, we find POS as one of the important cause of morbidity during recovery. Early recognition of this will decrease the morbidity and unrealistic expectation of fast recovery.

Keywords: Happy hypoxia, Platypnea, Pulmonary fibrosis.

Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome (POS) is a condition characterized by breathlessness increased during sitting or standing. A fall of SaO₂ of >5% or PaO₂ of >4% from lying to sitting position is essential for diagnosis.¹ Important causes are intracardiac shunts, atrial myxoma, hepatopulmonary syndrome, and pulmonary ventilation perfusion mismatch. Regional difference in pulmonary ventilation and perfusion found in conditions like Interstitial lung fibrosis, viral, or fungal pneumonia.² Association of this syndrome with Interstitial lung disease which primarily involves upper lobes and cause ventilation perfusion mismatch had also been seen.³

Here, we describe a case of post coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)-POS syndrome. A 55-year-old male presented with moderate COVID at the time of admission. He was maintaining saturation >94% with 8 L of oxygen by face mask. He improved gradually in next 10 days with steroids and other supportive management. His oxygen requirement decreased to 3 L by nasal prong. We noticed that his oxygen saturation was 98% while lying down, and when he tried to sit, his oxygen saturation used to drop to <80% and also associated with breathlessness. Arterial blood gas analysis is shown in Table 1. Screening for cardiac and hepatic cause turned out to be negative. We screened him for cardiac and hepatic disease, which was normal. CECT chest was done which showed fibrosis in bilateral upper and lower zones (Fig. 1). Patient was continued on oxygen therapy while in sitting position.

**Table 1:** Arterial blood gas analysis at supine and sitting position
	In supine position	In sitting position
pH	7.409	7.479
PCO₂	34.4	32.3
PO₂	74	53.3
HCO₃	21	22

Fig. 1: Patchy areas of consolidation with air bronchogram, tractional bronchiectasis with linear opacities in bilateral lung field

In COVID-19, there is involvement of lower and posterior part of lungs. So, the gravitational shunting of the blood to these areas results in ventilation perfusion (V/Q) mismatch.⁴ This is exaggerated by simultaneous occurrence of micro thrombosis and pulmonary microangiopathy in COVID-19 infection. Early detection will reduce the morbidity, unnecessary alarms, improves patient safety, and allow adjustment in rehabilitative process.⁵ During this pandemic, lungs are the most common organ to be affected and having acute, subacute, and chronic (post-COVID/long COVID) involvement. It presents as acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute Interstitial disease, and cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. Treatment involves oxygen supplements, steroid, supportive treatment, and pulmonary rehabilitation. Antibiotics have limited role in this viral infection—both in acute and chronic phases. As post viral super infection is common and especially because of Staphylococcus, antibiotics are required. Steroid is a double sword, its good effect in moderate disease has been proven and injudicious use leading to super infection with bacteria and fungus are well described in literature. In chronic phase, if there is evidence of alveolitis, it can be extended till the inflammation subside.

To conclude, POS is a serious clinical syndrome which require pulmonary rehabilitation and oxygen therapy in cases of post-COVID-19 fibrosis.

ORCID

Divendu Bhushan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8718-5890

Vijay Kumar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6042-7784

B Hilbert Sahoo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2847-5609

Aniketh Hegde https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8708-5278

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