Citation Information :
Patel M, Pushkar D. Role of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a biomarker of acute kidney injury in patients with circulatory shock. Indian J Crit Care Med 2017; 21 (11):740-745.
Background: The early prediction of acute kidney injury (AKI) by the current clinical and laboratory methods remains inadequate. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) has emerged as a promising noninvasive biomarker of kidney injury in shock. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of urinary NGAL (uNGAL) to predict AKI in adult Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients.
Materials and Methods: We prospectively studied 70 patients with circulatory shock admitted to the ICU over a period of 1 year. uNGAL was analyzed at ICU admission and after 24 h. Risk, injury, failure, loss, and end-stage kidney criteria were calculated at admission and for consecutive 4 days. The primary outcome was AKI defined as an increase in creatinine of at least 50% from baseline or a reduction in urine output to <0.5 ml/kg/h for 6 h.
Results: uNGAL was a good diagnostic marker for AKI development; at day 1, the cutoff value 48.54 ng/mL had a sensitivity and specificity of 79.49 and 73.14, respectively, and the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75–0.87) for predicting AKI. At day 2, the cutoff value 190.92 ng/mL had a sensitivity and specificity of 90.0 and 64.66, respectively, and the AUC of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.70–0.88) for predicting AKI.
Conclusion: uNGAL could be a good early predictor biomarker of AKI following circulatory shock.
de Mendonça A, Vincent JL, Suter PM, Moreno R, Dearden NM, Antonelli M, et al. Acute renal failure in the ICU: Risk factors and outcome evaluated by the SOFA score. Intensive Care Med 2000;26:915-21.
Uchino S, Kellum JA, Bellomo R, Doig GS, Morimatsu H, Morgera S, et al. Acute renal failure in critically ill patients: A multinational, multicenter study. JAMA 2005;294:813-8.
Ympa YP, Sakr Y, Reinhart K, Vincent JL. Has mortality from acute renal failure decreased? A systematic review of the literature. Am J Med 2005;118:827-32.
Devarajan P. Emerging biomarkers of acute kidney injury. Contrib Nephrol 2007;156:203-12.
Haase M, Bellomo R, Devarajan P, Schlattmann P, Haase-Fielitz A, NGAL Meta-analysis Investigator Group, et al. Accuracy of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in diagnosis and prognosis in acute kidney injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2009;54:1012-24.
Soni SS, Cruz D, Bobek I, Chionh CY, Nalesso F, Lentini P, et al. NGAL: A biomarker of acute kidney injury and other systemic conditions. Int Urol Nephrol 2010;42:141-50.
Kjeldsen L, Cowland JB, Borregaard N. Human neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and homologous proteins in rat and mouse. Biochim Biophys Acta 2000;1482:272-83.
Cowland JB, Borregaard N. Molecular characterization and pattern of tissue expression of the gene for neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin from humans. Genomics 1997;45:17-23.
von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP; STROBE Initiative. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies. Ann Intern Med 2007;147:573-7.
Devarajan P, Mishra J, Supavekin S, Patterson LT, Steven Potter S. Gene expression in early ischemic renal injury: Clues towards pathogenesis, biomarker discovery, and novel therapeutics. Mol Genet Metab 2003;80:365-76.
Adiyanti SS, Loho T. Acute kidney injury (AKI) biomarker. Acta Med Indones 2012;44:246-55.
Devarajan P. Emerging biomarkers of acute kidney injury. Contrib Nephrol 2009;156:203-12.
Wagener G, Minhaz M, Mattis FA, Kim M, Emond JC, Lee HT, et al. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a marker of acute kidney injury after orthotopic liver transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011;26:1717-23.
Mori K, Lee HT, Rapoport D, Drexler IR, Foster K, Yang J, et al. Endocytic delivery of lipocalin-siderophore-iron complex rescues the kidney from ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Clin Invest 2005;115:610-21.
Cruz DN, de Cal M, Garzotto F, Perazella MA, Lentini P, Corradi V, et al. Plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is an early biomarker for acute kidney injury in an adult ICU population. Intensive Care Med 2010;36:444-51.
Constantin JM, Futier E, Perbet S, Roszyk L, Lautrette A, Gillart T, et al. Plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is an early marker of acute kidney injury in adult critically ill patients: A prospective study. J Crit Care 2010;25:176.e1-6.
Fouda M, Sherif H, Shehata M, Ibrahim A. Early expression of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin biomarker predicts acute kidney injury complicating circulatory shock. Egypt J Crit Care Med 2013;1:79-86.
Mishra J, Dent C, Tarabishi R, Mitsnefes MM, Ma Q, Kelly C, et al. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a biomarker for acute renal injury after cardiac surgery. Lancet 2005;365:1231-8.
Wagener G, Jan M, Kim M, Mori K, Barasch JM, Sladen RN, et al. Association between increases in urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and acute renal dysfunction after adult cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology 2006;105:485-91.
Fan H, Zhao Y, Zhu JH, Song FC. Urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in septic patients with and without acute kidney injury. Ren Fail 2014;36:1399-403.
Albeladi FI, Algethamy HM. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a predictor of acute kidney injury, severe kidney injury, and the need for renal replacement therapy in the Intensive Care Unit. Nephron Extra 2017;7:62-77.
