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VOLUME 25 , ISSUE 11 ( November, 2021 ) > List of Articles

Original Article

Fiber-optic Bronchoscope-guided vs Mini-surgical Technique of Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy in Intensive Care Units

Abhijit Kumar, Amit Kohli, Nishtha Kachru, Poonam Bhadoria, Sonia Wadhawan

Keywords : Arrhythmia, Bleeding, Fiber-optic bronchoscopy, Hypoxia, Intensive care unit, Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy, Pneumothorax, Subcutaneous emphysema, Tracheostomy

Citation Information : Kumar A, Kohli A, Kachru N, Bhadoria P, Wadhawan S. Fiber-optic Bronchoscope-guided vs Mini-surgical Technique of Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy in Intensive Care Units. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021; 25 (11):1269-1274.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24021

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 16-11-2021

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2021; The Author(s).


Abstract

Background: Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PCDT) using fiber-optic bronchoscope (FOB) is a widely practiced technique, but its availability and cost remain a concern in nations with limited resources. Mini-surgical technique of PCDT incorporating minimal blunt dissection has shown improved results even without the use of FOB. The study is primarily intended to compare these two techniques and establish a safer cost-effective alternative to FOB-guided PCDTs. Patients and methods: This randomized comparative study [registered (CTRI/2018/04/013191)] was conducted on 120 mechanically ventilated patients. In 60 patients, mini-surgical PCDT (group-M) was performed with 2 cm longitudinal skin incision and blunt dissection till pretracheal fascia without FOB guidance using Portex-Ultraperc™ sets. In remaining 60 patients, PCDT was performed under FOB vision with similar skin incision (without blunt dissection) using Portex-Ultraperc™ sets (group-F). Two techniques were compared with regard to procedural time and percentage of complications occurred during or after the procedure. Results: Procedure time [group-M: 6.30 ± 1.28 minutes; group-F: 14.43 ± 1.84 minutes (p <0.001)] and mean blood loss [group-M: 5.33 ± 1.69 mL; group-F: 6.87 ± 3.11 mL (p = 0.001)] was significantly less in group-M. Higher incidence of desaturation [group-M: 16.7%; group-F: 35% (p = 0.022)] was noted in group-F, whereas arrhythmias [group-M: 21.7%; group-F: 6.7% (p = 0.018)] were higher in group-M. There was no statistical difference in incidence of pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema. There was no incidence of posterior tracheal wall perforation in any of the patients. Conclusion: Mini-surgical technique is a faster alternative of FOB-guided PCDT with comparable incidence of complications. It can safely be used in intensive care units (ICUs) where FOB is not available. Clinical trial registration number: CTRI/2018/05/014307 Name of registry: Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI), URL—http://ctri.nic.in

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