Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine

Register      Login

SEARCH WITHIN CONTENT

FIND ARTICLE

Volume / Issue

Online First

Archive
Related articles

VOLUME 28 , ISSUE 1 ( January, 2024 ) > List of Articles

Original Article

The Use of Sustained Low-efficiency Dialysis in the Treatment of Sepsis-associated Acute Kidney Injury in a Low-income Country: A Prospective Cohort Study

Abdalla Kamal Abdalla Taha, Mazin Mohammed Taha Shigidi, Nazik Mahmoud Abdulfatah, Rajabia Khidir Alsayed

Keywords : Acute kidney injury, Dialysis, Intensive care unit, Prospective cohort, Sepsis

Citation Information : Taha AK, Shigidi MM, Abdulfatah NM, Alsayed RK. The Use of Sustained Low-efficiency Dialysis in the Treatment of Sepsis-associated Acute Kidney Injury in a Low-income Country: A Prospective Cohort Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2024; 28 (1):30-35.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24595

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 30-12-2023

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2024; The Author(s).


Abstract

Background: Limited data are available regarding the management and outcomes of patients with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) requiring dialysis in Sudan. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is a highly favored treatment modality in such patients. However, it stays unavailable and expensive treatment in most low-income countries. We aimed to evaluate the use of sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED) in the treatment of hemodynamically unstable patients with SA-AKI admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Materials and methods: A prospective cohort was conducted in Baraha Medical City, Khartoum, Sudan. Patients above 18 years of age, who were admitted to the ICU between January and September 2020 with SA-AKI, and required SLED or CRRT were enrolled. These were followed up till death or discharge from the ICU. They were observed regarding their dialysis tolerance, rate of renal recovery, ICU mortality, and cost of therapy. Data analysis was done using SPSS. Results: Fifty-three adults were enrolled. Their mean age was 62 ± 11 years, and 56.6% were males. Thirty-one patients (58.5%) received SLED and 22 (41.5%) underwent CRRT. Patients in the two groups were age and sex matched and showed no significant differences in their comorbid conditions, source of sepsis, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, and their indications for dialysis (p > 0.05). Patients treated with SLED showed similar dialysis tolerance, rate of renal recovery, length of ICU admission, and risk of death compared to those treated with CRRT (p > 0.05). Moreover, SLED treatments were less expensive than CRRT, and the costs of ICU admission among the SLED group were significantly less (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our study shows that SLED is safe and effective. It is readily available and can be routinely performed in the treatment of hemodynamically unstable patients with SA-AKI at a significantly lower cost.


PDF Share
  1. Bellomo R, Kellum JA, Ronco C, Wald R, Martensson J, Maiden M, et al. Acute kidney injury in sepsis. Intensive Care Med 2017;43(6):816–828. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-017-4755-7.
  2. Zarbock A, Nadim MK, Pickkers P, Gomez H, Bell S, Joannidis M, et al. Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: Consensus Report of the 28th Acute Disease Quality Initiative Workgroup. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023;19(6):401–417. DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00683-3.
  3. Susantitaphong P, Cuz DN, Cerda J, Abulfaraj M, Alqahtani F, Koulouridis I, et al. World incidence of AKI: A meta-analysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2013;8(9):1482–1493. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.00710113.
  4. Osman M, Shigidi M, Ahmed H, Abdelrahman I, Karrar W, Elhassan E, et al. Pattern and outcome of acute kidney injury among Sudanese adults admitted to a tertiary level hospital: A retrospective cohort study. Pan African Med J 2017;28:90. DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2017.28.90.11054.
  5. Igiraneza G, Ndayishimiye B, Nkeshimana M, Dusabejambo V, Ogbuagu O. Clinical profile and outcome of patients with acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis: Two years’ experience at a tertiary hospital in Rwanda. Biomed Res Int 2018;2018:1716420. DOI: 10.1155/2018/1716420.
  6. Dalbhi SA, Alorf R, Alotaibi M, Altheaby A, Alghamdi Y, Ghazal H, et al. Sustained low efficiency dialysis is non-inferior to continuous renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: A comparative meta-analysis. Medicine 2021;100(51):e28118. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000028118.
  7. Gemmell L, Docking R, Black E. Renal replacement therapy in critical care. BJA Educ 2017;17(3):88–93. DOI: 10.1093/bjaed/mkw070.
  8. Martin–Loeches I, Nunnally ME, Hellman J, Lat I, Martin GS, Jog S, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: Research opportunities for infection and blood purification therapies. Crit Care Explor 2021;3(9):e0511. DOI: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000000511.
  9. Tandukar S, Palevsky PM. Continuous renal replacement therapy: Who, when, why, and how. Chest 2019;155(3):626–638. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.09.004.
  10. Khwaja A. KDIGO clinical practice guidelines for acute kidney injury. Nephron Clin Pract 2012;120(4):c179–c184. DOI: 10.1159/000339789.
  11. Zhang L, Yang J, Eastwood GM, Zhu G, Tanaka A, Bellomo R. Extended daily dialysis versus Continuous renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury: A meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2015;66(2):322–330. DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.02.328.
  12. Smith G, Nielsen M. ABC of intensive care. Criteria for admission. BMJ 1999;318(7197):1544–1547. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.318.7197.1544.
  13. Ehikhametalor K, Fisher LA, Bruce C, Aquart A, Minott J, Hanna C, et al. Guidelines for intensive care unit admission, discharge and triage. West Indian Med J 2019;68(Suppl. 2):46–54. DOI: 10.7727/wimj.2018.197.
  14. Nee PA. Critical care in the emergency department: Severe sepsis and septic shock. Emerg Med J 2006;23(9):713–717. DOI: 10.1136/emj.2005.029934.
  15. Kellum JA, Lameire N, KDIGO AKI Guideline Work Group. Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of acute kidney injury: A KDIGO summary (Part 1). Crit Care 2013;17(1):204. DOI: 10.1186/cc11454.
  16. Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, Shankar–Harl M, Annane D, Bauer M, et al. The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (sepsis-3). JAMA 2016;315(8):801–810. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2016.0287.
  17. Changbo L, Shuzhen S, Liya L, Xixian C, Chunxiang L, Shixiong C. SOFA score in relation to sepsis: Clinical implications in diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic assessment. Comput Math Methods Med 2022;2022:7870434. DOI: 10.1155/2022/7870434.
  18. Lin CY, Chen YC. Acute kidney injury classification: AKIN and RIFLE criteria in critical patients. World J Crit Care Med 2012;1(2):40–45. DOI: 10.5492/wjccm.v1.i2.40.
  19. Lonnemann G, Floege J, Kliem V, Brunkhorst R, Koch KM. Extended daily veno-venous high-flux hemodialysis in patients with acute renal failure and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome using a single path batch dialysis system. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2000;15(8):1189–1193. DOI: 10.1093/ndt/15.8.1189.
  20. Berbece AN, Richardson RMA. Sustained low-efficiency dialysis in the ICU: Cost, anticoagulation, and solute removal. Kidney Int 2006;70(5):963–968. DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5001700.
  21. Neyra JA, Tolwani AJ. A quality improvement initiative targeting CRRT delivered dose: The what, the how, and the why. Am J Kidney Dis 2019;74(6):721–723. DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.08.015.
  22. Kee YK, Kim D, Kim SJ, Kang DH, Choi KB, Oh HJ, et al. Factors associated with early mortality in critically ill patients following the initiation of continuous renal replacement therapy. J Clin Med 2018;7(10):334. DOI: 10.3390/jcm7100334.
  23. Mishra SB, Azim A, Prasad N, Singh RK, Poddar B, Gurjar M, et al. A pilot randomized controlled trial of comparison between extended daily hemodialysis and continuous veno-venous hemodialysis in patients of acute kidney injury with septic shock. Indian J Crit Care Med 2017;21(5):262–267. DOI: 10.4103/ijccm.IJCCM-85-17.
  24. Shigidi M, Ebrahim S, Karrar W. An analysis of patients with chronic kidney disease referred to a specialized renal service in Sudan. Afr J Nephrol 2021;24(1):14–18. DOI: 10.21804/24-1-4467.
  25. Shigidi M. A nephrology fellowship training program in Sudan: The goals and challenges. Arab J Nephrol Transplant 2011;4(3):107–108. PMID: 22026332.
  26. Abdelwahab H, Shigidi M, Et-Tohami A, Ibrahim L. Adherence to healthcare professionals to evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. In the management of hemodialysis patients, Khartoum State, Sudan. Arab J Nephrol Transplant 2013;6(2):99–104. PMID: 23656403.
  27. Woldeamanuel YW, Andemeskel AT, Kyei K, Woldeamanuel MW, Woldeamanuel W. Case fatality of adult tetanus in Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol Sci 2016;368:292–299. DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.07.025.
  28. Shukla VV, Nimbalkar SM, Ganjiwale JD, John D. Direct cost of critical illness associated healthcare expenditures among children admitted in pediatric intensive care unit in rural India. Indian J Pediatr 2016;83(10):1065–1070. DOI: 10.1007/s12098-016-2165-4.
  29. Srisawat N, Chakravarthi R. CRRT in developing world. Semin Dial 2021;34(6):567–575. DOI: 10.1111/sdi.12975.
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.