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VOLUME 26 , ISSUE 9 ( September, 2022 ) > List of Articles

Original Article

Changing Critical Care Patterns and Associated Outcomes in Mechanically Ventilated Severe COVID-19 Patients in Different Time Periods: An Explanatory Study from Central India

Saurabh Saigal, Ankur Joshi, Rajesh Panda, Abhishek Goyal, Saiteja Kodamanchili, Abhijeet Anand, Dodda Brahmam, Surya Jha, Abhijit Pakhare, Sunaina Tejpal Karna, Alkesh Khurana, Yogesh Niwariya, Sagar Khadanga, Jai Prakash Sharma, Rajnish Joshi

Keywords : Acute respiratory distress syndrome, Coronavirus disease-2019, Intensive care unit, Mechanical ventilation

Citation Information : Saigal S, Joshi A, Panda R, Goyal A, Kodamanchili S, Anand A, Brahmam D, Jha S, Pakhare A, Karna ST, Khurana A, Niwariya Y, Khadanga S, Sharma JP, Joshi R. Changing Critical Care Patterns and Associated Outcomes in Mechanically Ventilated Severe COVID-19 Patients in Different Time Periods: An Explanatory Study from Central India. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022; 26 (9):1022-1030.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24279

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 31-08-2022

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2022; The Author(s).


Abstract

Background: The outcomes in critical illness depend on disease severity, practice protocols, workload, and access to care. This study investigates the factors affecting outcomes in mechanically ventilated coronavirus disease-2019 acute respiratory distress syndrome (COVID-19 ARDS) patients admitted in a tertiary teaching hospital intensive care unit (ICU) in Central India with reference to different time periods in pandemic. This is one of the largest series of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients, globally. Methods: This retrospective cohort study classified the entire data into four time periods (Period 1: April 2020 to June 2020; Period 2: July 2020 to September 2020; Period 3: October 2020 to December 2020; and Period 4: January 2021 to April 2021). We performed a multivariable-adjusted analysis to evaluate predictors of mortality, adjusted for baseline-severity, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA score) and time period. We applied mixed-effect binomial logistic regression to model fixed-effect variables with incremental complexity. Results: Among the 56 survivors (19.4%) out of 288 mechanically ventilated patients, there was an up-gradient of survival proportion (0, 18.2, 17.4, and 28.6%) in four time periods. Symptom–intubation interval (OR 1.16; 95% CI 1.03–1.31) and driving pressures (DPs) (OR 1.17; 95% CI 1.07–1.28) were significant predictors of mortality in the model having minimal AIC and BIC values. Patients aged above 60 years also had a larger effect, but statistically insignificant effect favoring mortality (OR 1.99; 95% CI 0.92–4.27). The most complex but less parsimonious model (with higher AIC/BIC) indicated the protective odds of high steroid on mortality (OR 0.59; 95% CI 0.59–0.82). Conclusion: The outcomes in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients are heterogeneous across time windows and may be affected by the complex interaction of baseline risk and critical care parameters.

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