Ventilator-associated Pneumonia: A Persistent Menace in the ICU
Jeetendra Sharma, Shakya Mohanty
Keywords :
Bundle care, Hospital-acquired infections, Intensive care unit, Mechanical ventilation, Multidrug resistance, Ventilator-associated pneumonia
Citation Information :
Sharma J, Mohanty S. Ventilator-associated Pneumonia: A Persistent Menace in the ICU. Indian J Crit Care Med 2025; 29 (4):285-286.
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